Aviation View | Volume 1, Issue 3

14 AVIATION VIEW VOLUME 1, ISSUE 3 engine architecture, in which fan blades are not enclosed by a fan case. Open fans increase air flow, which could create greater propulsive efficiency for future aircraft engine applications. These studies will leverage previous successful results and new technology to evaluate and mature open fan noise strategies. • Acoustics —Plans to advance acoustic technologies for new engine architectures include developing novel acoustic liners and outlet guide vanes to reduce noise. • Low emissions combustor —GE Aviation will test new combustor technology designs that lower nitrogen oxides (NOx), as well as non- volatile particulate matter emissions. • Hybrid-electric —CLEEN III funding will help mature an electric machine that is a critical part of an overall integrated electric power generation system. • Advanced thermal management —Also key to lower carbon emissions is continually advancing thermal management in a jet engine’s core. GE Aviation is developing heat recovery systems among other thermal management technologies that can handle hotter core temperatures to improve efficiency and reduce fuel burn. Alternative jet fuels—Through CLEEN III, GE Aviation engineers will continue their research and development efforts into alternative fuels, such as Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF). In particular, these efforts will look to increase SAF blending limits beyond 50% and explore the best ways to enable standardization of a 100% SAF that does not require blending with petroleum-based jet fuel. All GE Aviation and its partners engines can operate with approved SAF, which is produced from sustainable feedstocks and other alternative processes, lowering lifecycle carbon emissions up to 80% compared to petroleum-based fuels. GE has been actively involved in assessing and qualifying SAF since 2007 and works closely with producers, regulators, and operators to help ensure that sustainable fuel can be widely adopted for use in aviation. Previous CLEEN awards announced in 2010 and 2015 supported GE Aviation technology advancements, including Twin-Annular Pre- mixing Swirler (TAPS) combustor designs that led to technology now in CFM LEAP and GE9X engines, open fan architecture, Flight Management Systems, alternative fuels and electrification. *RISE (Revolutionary Innovation for Sustainable Engines) is a trademark of CFM International, a 50/50 joint company between GE and Safran Aircraft Engines. LEAP engines are a product of CFM.